Computer History

           Part 1 - Introduction:

My usual meander or peregrination today is so-on with my computer series.   I’m going to talk about more-fun modern inventions today.   Just a hint:   No, I’m not interested about who invented Hand-writing pens or petroleum (Oil).

I may be younger or older but I’ll start with a few facts anyway.  The U.S.  military (as usual) had just come up with the trinket machine that would make it easier and more efficient for killing humans.  I thought that was somehow a cool idea.  There must be other things that it could do…Hmmm.    There were no PC’s then and they’re not needed anymore either.  My brilliant father who is still an engineer told me to go to school to get a good job.  He told me that I would be wasting my time with these new electrical complications because they wouldn’t go anywhere.  Well, you know what kids will do - exactly what their parents wanted you to avoid.     What reason our military wanted the computer is obvious.  Using that same method, I realized that you could advertise anything or advertise anything with partially nude women.  Am I right?     I started out a little bit differently.  Eventually having a computer was required to attend any school.  I just invented my own software to type my papers on a public electric typewriter.  (My ancient college had a PDP-11 and DEC 10.)  Hot damn.  There was no internet but we learned how to communicate with people all over the country with ARPANET.  Just imagine….     I’ll get into some more detailed computer’s development in a later tutorial.  This time I’ll just stick to the basic techno logistic method of doing anything with these new machines.

ENIAC's Mother Nature's Personal Version (PC)

          Description of Early Computer Developement

Occsionally I do use my brain.  Otherwise, don’t count on it – for me or anyone. Instead I was interested in this puzzle:   CRT →→ X-Ray & TV →→ PNP

Personal Version ENIAC's Mother Nature's

    We liked some Germans and Americans because they seemed to invent lot of dangerous things.   In 1875, an American by the name of George Carey^[1] invented what he, as well as the rest of this world called a phototube.  The person responsible for inventing anything got to name it anything they wanted.  Later, this little contraption became known as the world’s encompassing “vacuum tube”.  That was the reason that these became important and necessary in various instruments that required switches or amplifiers.     Early in the 20^th century, the German named Wilhelm invented a machine that produced what he, appropriately, named the Röntgen^[2] rays.  I lived in Hawaii and we didn’t like wearing shoes in the 50’s but the rest of America quickly fit their new shoes with this new gadget.  `     I knew where I met these new items.  I was in a concert called Woodstock in 1969 at a big open space in the middle of nowhere with some great rock’n’roll amplifiers for sounds that everyone could hear.  Using these tube powered amplifiers were tricky while they were operated in the rain.      I thought that these new things might be useful in the next few years.  (What things specifically?)

How on earth would we evolve into preventing ourselves from being x-rayed by medical machines or by our new television contraptions? I will continue with my computer story.     These things[3] worked kinda like light bulbs that could be screwed into any lamp and switched on to alight the world.  The ensuing problem with testing tubes resulting in installation of washing machine sized testers in every grocery or pharmacy stores.

          Major Computer Developement.  We wanted "Smaller" and "Faster"

This is where modern things like television, x-rays or computers began.  When things began with the TV, there were still luxury moving parts like the channel selector dial-knob.  On the other hand there aren’t any movable items composing the “brains” of any computer.  How was this theory accomplished?     All of the pieces in that puzzle previously mentioned have no moving parts.  A wire doesn’t have to move to obtain electricity for your light bulb.  As you can see, those original computers were physically very large.

I have mentioned the Bell Company in previous blogs.  Someone mentioned who worked as the boss or coordinator of this little crew in the Bell labs.  Maybe the future CEO.  But in circa 1947 there were the three guys in that photo who did work in there pretty much doing whatever they wanted to.  As you can see in the photo, they weren’t playing checkers so my guess is that they headed out to RadioShack which (as early as 1921) was selling spare electronic parts quite affordably. They were John Bardeen with a Ph.D.  in Princeton mathematics and physics, Walter Brattain a PhD expert in the nature of atomic anything and William

Larry, Moe & Curly?[4]

Shockley a PhD expert of being the Boss of the new Semiconductor

amplifier amazing electronic part that was supposed to be good for something.[5] What will the next Nobel Prize in Physics be granted for?     Everyone in this business later discovered that a beach is made from the seventh biggest amount that exists in the universe (as far as we know) so we started out with the following gadgets.  The fundamental electronic parts in all computers are lucid and therefore quite is comprehensible.[11]s

All of the pieces in that puzzle previously mentioned have no moving parts.  A wire doesn’t have to move to obtain electricity for your light bulb.  As you can see, those original computers were physically very large.  Someone finally figured out that electricity doesn’t move very fast so the better way to make computers faster is to make them smaller.      Wow! A transistor is small and electricity in that small item does move very quickly.

    Of course I have strange thoughts at any time.  That hasn’t stopped yet.  The next crazy possibilities are available in Part II.

Refs:

[1] In 1875, American, G.R. Carey invented the phototube. [2] Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen [3] how tubes work in he 50’s [4]Their correct and/or appropriate ID’s are in the other accompanying text. [5] John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley & Definitions of Transisor [6]How do you make CPUs?  more transistors than any chip [7] How computer (containing transistor) chips made,manufactured [8]Transistors are made of Beach Sand  http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon [9] Germanium   http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele032.html [10]Our brain contains around 86-100 billion   http://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/feb/28/how-many-neurons-human-brain & http://psychology.about.com/od/biopsychology/f/how-many-neurons-in-the-brain.htm [11]I remember Motorola but there were some earlier. http://www.motorolasolutions.com/en_us/about/company-overview/history/timeline.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_control [12] Where do we get germanium these days [13] http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtransistorswork.html [14] HAL or maybe (IBM) [15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_%28film%29 [16]Maybe what Frank Herbert said in the book Dune [17]Old blog Stephen Hawking& Albert Einstein http://jayfreebish.blogspot.com/2015/10/einstein-or-schroeder.html [99]entropy a process of degradation or running down or a trend to disorder

Computer And Human Future

          Part II.  The Key to making this Machine-Magic work
                    The current Situation and the Unbelievable Future Concepsts

Part of this idea began in Part I.

	Confusing? The lucky number is 3		The same 3 wires

Magical transistors are used in the vast majority of electronical do-thingies.  Some of the first products that used them were transistor radios and remote TV controllers.  Do you think that this list ever expanded?     My so-called thaumaturgic transistor is constructed simply—and is also logistically complex.  What does that mean? Let's start with the simple part.  A transistor is a miniature electronic component that can do two different jobs.  It can work either as an amplifier or a switch.  My primary interest today is the switch operation of a transistor.      A tiny electric current flowing through one part of a transistor can make a much bigger current flow through another part of it.  In other words, the small current switches on the larger one.     What does that really mean?     The following storyette provides a good example of switches.  This exaggerated idea might recur in this blog.  Put yourself in a large dark room.  Your wanted necessity is to turn on a big light bulb that will enable your ability to look around.  Then your mind becomes aware of a problem about turning that light on.  You find ten identical off/on switches on the wall.  After thinking about it awhile you will eventually discover that some switches need to be turned on in one direction or the other.  Ahem, the “code” to turn the light on might include of one to ten different switches that are stitched to on or off to make the light turn on.  Ahem, there must be a way to solve your problem a lot faster and easier.

The way the transistors are built: Silicon & Germanium (and where to get them)    In order to make a transistor there are only two major ingredients needed.  Most of a transistor is made of any beach sand.  More specifically I am referring to an atom called silicon[8].  That stuff, called 14SI composes about 25% of our world and 7% of the universe.  We’re not going to run out of this ingredient but there is also another problem.  Everyone knows that water does not conduct electricity.  Nor does salt or the silicon which makes up most of the ocean’s beach or anyone’s home windows.  On the other hand, will a person be in trouble while swimming in the ocean or your pool or lying on the beach when it is hit by lightning? Yep! and transistors are solved with their non conductive silicon ingredient with its “other” “doped” ingredient.  The term “doped” is just a slang referral to some substance added to another one to achieve a superior result.  For example, in our modern world, doping iron with 10% chromium results in stainless steel.     The other valuable ingredient in any transistor is a semi-metal called germanium (132GE) [9].     This type of chemical element type is called a semi-metal because it does conduct a little bit of electricity.    So, in order to build computer brains where on earth is this special stuff found.  This is where the facts get sort-of interesting because a lot of the world needs computers too.  According to my available semi-current data,[12] about 118 tonnes of germanium was produced worldwide in 2011.  I have no idea why this

data was compiled in this manner but the interesting numbers (by the U.S.) were: 12% from etc.somewheres, and then, mostly in China (68%), Russia (4%) and United States (2.5%).  Does anyone think about this? Hmmmm.  Maybe in another blog, I’ll tell you where the 92uranium comes from as well.  Hell, I dunno, does this transistor work as simply as your garden hose?     Here’s the freaking way that these acronymically coded historic PiN-up-Pictures are utilized.  Transistors are comprised of PNP or what we call Positive,Negative,Positive layers in which electrons wonderfully can move only in one direction.  What is all of this thing about? Computers can merely do only the following things:

Store ones or zeros and add any of those combinations.  E.g.  Zero + Zero, Zero + One or One + One.  Do you understand this so far? Of course you do.  A computer can now store and show pictures of girls.  If you might have any other ideas then those ideas can also be accomplished.

Those scientists were not sailors but what they did think: What do we need newspapers or magazines for?

How people are replaced by computers and robots.  Our new wars are fighting with drones.     To invent something you don’t need college but you do need historical education.  People have been trying to convert lead into gold for ages.  But you still have to know the basics.  Carbon, like trees or pencils are all over.  We finally figured out how to change charcoal into diamonds but not the atoms.  Charcoal and diamonds are both pure carbon.  However, we have technically already made new atoms.  We have made many that are worth even more than gold.  Germanium? Someday H2O will be worth more than gold too.[16]

Awhile back the medical pros (incited by God) were to replace non working body organs.  Maybe the heart was their first idea or probability.  Transferred living hearts from dead people or pigs and even battery powered liquid pumps.      Elderly can’t be fixed.  Alternatively people might want to replace or update one’s own unreliable or antediluvian physical parts.  My goodness, if I accidently dismember my own limbs then we can replace them too and even connect these new parts to our own controlling minds that will operate these new parts as they worked originally.      Kids don’t ever stop.  They want better and more impressive toys.  Most of us want to live longer.  How will we do that?     Those of you who are old enough might remember an era in which living people used to pick cotton in fields or build cars in a factory.  Now, people don’t HAVE to drive their own cars.  Given a GPS, a tractor can harvest or plow a field with no human driver as well.  Oh, what the hell, robots that don’t resemble human forms work perfectly for 24 hours, don’t want a pay raise or even get grumpy without their vacations.

Who actually needs a robot physical challenge in actual wars? We’re already using drone spying tools or fighting aircraft.  What might we want to do next? The next section is an idea of what crazy people are thinking.  Of course not I.  It’s entirely another person.

Our brain contains around 100 billion cells[10] called neurons—the tiny switches that let you think and remember things.  Computers contain billions of miniature "brain cells" as well.[13]  Are these the semi-definition of living transistors? Any child begins with a blank mind except for something else.  A fancy chemical kind of like Germanium is what makes us into human instead of houseflies.  A chemical that we call DNA provides our existence with two basic needs which just happen to be identical to birds, deer or salamanders.  We are all born with blank minds.  We have two things in common that don’t require any thought.  They are: Survival and reproduction, for some unknown reason.      So far there are only five reasons that our thoughts are similar and different from some living things: Seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling.  We share many of these inputs with others.  That’s where the interesting part begins.

After the Transistors Replaced the Computers’ Brain matter

In 1968 there were two people[15] who were either genius people or extraterrestrials who created a similar robot that was big AND could think..  That new computer was very intelligent and was heuristically learning by programming himself[14] by his only available inputs; Seeing and hearing.  In that era he didn’t need any parameter for any of the other three senses.  He was only instructed by his own creator to follow his instructions (while being one of the stars in a philosophical, allegorical and scientific entertainment movie) to accomplish his instructed mission.  He could learn and beat humans playing chess(which doesn’t require much thinking) but he was eventually presented with a perplexing instruction.  He eventually solved his more complex problem by killing all of the astronauts that were preventing his instructed mission.  I’ll get back to this later.  First, I’ll bring all of my blog together the same way that I would have provided to anyone (of any age).  First, now computers or robots can test food or our inhalable gases , or feel the tightness of an installed bolt on any car.  HAL[14] might have used these other senses but he just didn’t need them in his environment or world.

How Does Your Mind Work?

Your psychologist might know why, how or what you might be thinking.  Your education such as your ability to write about any history or remembering the items on your grocery list is a completely different thing.  Can your neurologist or psychiatrist tell you about whatever is wrong with your brain? That’s a great question.  What might other researchers be interested in?

Here are a few pictures of someone else’s brain cells that we call neurons.  We have figured out a few things about these but we still don’t know what Einstein or Hawking actually were thinking about around their lunch times? [17] Al & Stephen

Microscopes have the same magnification but presented by different Scientists/Artists

Now we get to the weird part about Human’s Future.

HAL never died.  He’s still in business today.[7]      Find your current or up-to-date news wherever you can since 2014.  IBM announced their “Neuromorphic (huh?[6]) TrueNorth chip” which, with 5.4 billion transistors has more transistors than any chip IBM has ever made and therefore the largest GPU chip.  Of course progression is defined as connecting sixteen of these CPUs together.  So far.  Calculated on my old slide-rule hand-calculator, that transistor population was 86.4 billion.  Why stop there?  We’re only up to the capacity of a “dumb” human’s thinking capacity.  Ahem, will our current heads grow up to larger heads as well?     If you want to argue about anything in any way, one initial method is to state what you call facts.  Sometimes facts are just numbers which actually mean anything you want.  The other argument can be based on theory.  I will present both.  It’s still up to you to decide who is brighter.      Let’s look at the pictures that I have presented for transistors and neurons.  My brain is different from yours and I do notice a lot but I’m not writing my doctoral dissertation today.      As you can see the neuron acts a lot like a transistor but maybe not.  These neurons obviously have more input and output circuits.  Combined with a different chemical environment then it is really not known what or how any living brain works.

As you can see in this last picture.  Back in 1968 this was an interpretation of Hal’s brain.  Nowadays you can also observe that the capacity of a human brain can fit in each one of those ancient red-colored computer components.

In 1968, does this astronaut appear to not have gravity? Or, we landed on the moon in 1969.  The moon scene in this picture was actually ilmed in England.  What aout England's other moon?

--------------- Unknown Finish -------------    Are children enticed to join OUR (e.g.)military act any differently than the identically developed HAL? Kill only the predesignated bad people.  You are a physically delicate human.  Exactly how are you any different or what you call “better than” HAL? Don’t forget, HAL loved his creator too.  Is our only difference survival and reproduction? Maybe not.  People warn each other about other dangerous humans.  I have always said that computers are completely innocent.  I’ll give you my advice.  In the future there will be equivalent electronic brains.  They scare me the same way that humans judge and decide everything.     Human brains have not physically improved in 2½ million years.  Is this human entropy?[99]

Refs:

[1] In 1875, American, G.R. Carey invented the phototube. [2] Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen [3] how tubes work in he 50’s [4]Their correct and/or appropriate ID’s are in the other accompanying text. [5] John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley & Definitions of Transisor [6]How do you make CPUs?  more transistors than any chip [7] How computer (containing transistor) chips made,manufactured [8]Transistors are made of Beach Sand  http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon [9] Germanium   http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele032.html [10]Our brain contains around 86-100 billion   http://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/feb/28/how-many-neurons-human-brain & http://psychology.about.com/od/biopsychology/f/how-many-neurons-in-the-brain.htm [11]I remember Motorola but there were some earlier. http://www.motorolasolutions.com/en_us/about/company-overview/history/timeline.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_control [12] Where do we get germanium these days [13] http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtransistorswork.html [14] HAL or maybe (IBM) [15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_%28film%29 [16]Maybe what Frank Herbert said in the book Dune [17]Old blog Stephen Hawking& Albert Einstein http://jayfreebish.blogspot.com/2015/10/einstein-or-schroeder.html [99]entropy a process of degradation or running down or a trend to disorder